Dr. Henry J. Gardner

Henry.Gardner@anu.edu.au

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I am a Reader, and currently Head of Department, in the Department of Computer Science, FEIT.

I am an e-Scientist, an educator and a virtual-reality enthusiast.

I have research expertise in computational plasma physics, especially as applied to magnetic fusion energy research. In this field, I have worked closely with theorists and experimentalists to build models of existing fusion experiments and to anticipate the design of future experiments. I have held research positions at ANU and overseas including Germany, Spain, Japan and the USA.

I was the founding director of the ANU eScience education program and convened this program for several years since 2000. We invented the concept of ``eScience'' independently of the large research and infrastructure program in the UK. Find out more about this education initiative here.

I am co-inventor of the Wedge virtual reality theatre. The Wedge was born in a blues bar in Chicago, which is where Rod Boswell and I ended up in 1997 following a visit to the CAVE facility at the Argonne National Laboratory. At this time there had been several proposals to build a CAVE walk-in, virtual reality theatre in Australia at a cost of about A$2 million. We decided that it would be possible to build a cheap theatre having only two walls and to oriented the theatre so that the viewing was directed towards the vertex. This idea was innovative in the Australian context (and internationally, as far as I know) at the time. We obtained an ANU Major Equipment Grant in 1997 and the first theatre was constructed in collaboration with Drew Whitehouse of the ANU Supercomputer Facility. The theatre was launched, to great fan-fare, by the ACT Chief Minister, Kate Carnell, in March 1998. Some 6 Wedge theatres were subsequently built, 3 of these for external clients outside of ANU. It is enjoyed by the public at the Powerhouse Museum in Sydney and at the CSIRO Discovery Centre in Canberra. A large number of students have programming completed projects on the Wedge and it represents one of the cheapest, and most used, virtual reality facilities in the world.

Provisional Patent:

Books:

  1. Gardner, Henry and Manduchi, Gabriele, Design Patterns for e-Science, 377pp, Springer Verlag, ISSN 1611-0994, ISBN-10 3-540-68088-8, ISBN-13 978-3-540-68088-8 (2007). Book Home Page
  2. Gardner, Henry J. and Savage, Craig M. (Editors), Computational Physics- Ninth Physics Summer School World Scientific Pub. Co., ISBN 981-02-3058-3 (1997).
  3. Stewart, David, Gardner, Henry and Singleton, David (Editors), Computational Techniques and Applications: CTAC93, World Scientific Pub. Co.,ISBN 981-02-1499-4 (1994).

Refereed papers:

  1. Object-Oriented Design Patterns in Fortran95 by Viktor K. Decyk and Henry Gardner, accepted for publication in Computer Physics Communications. (Pre-final version.) (2008).

  2. Swift, Ben, Sheridan, James, Zhen, Yang and Gardner, Henry J., Mind-Modulated Music in the Mind Attention Interface, OzCHI 2007 Proceedings, ISBN 978-1-59593-872-5, pp 83-86 (2007).

  3. Schou, Torben and Gardner, Henry J., A Wii Remote, a Game Engine, Five Sensor Bars and a Virtual Reality Theatre, OzCHI 2007 Proceedings, ISBN 978-1-59593-872-5, pp 231-234 (2007).

  4. Lu, Yifan, Gardner, Henry, Jin, Huidong, Liu, Nianjun, Hawkins, Rhys and Farrington, Ian, Interactive Reconstruction of Archaeological Fragments in a Collaborative Environment, to appear in Proceedings of ``Digital Image Computing: Techniques and Applications (DICTA) 2007'', IEEE, pp 23-29 (2007). (Note: This paper received the best paper award in the HCI stream of DICTA 2007)

  5. Gardner, Henry, Karia, Raju and Manduchi, Gabriele, A web-based, dynamic metadata interface to MDSplus, Fusion Engineering and Design, in press at www.sciencedirect.com (2007)

  6. Gardner, Henry J., and Martin, Michael A.,Analyzing Ordinal Scales in Studies of Virtual Environments: Likert or Lump It! Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 16(4), 439-446 (2007).

  7. Decyk, Viktor K. and Gardner, Henry J., A Factory Pattern in Fortran 95, Y. Shi et al. (Eds.): ICCS 2007, Part I, LNCS 4487, pp. 583-590, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg 2007, ISBN 978-3-540-72583-1, (2007)

  8. Decyk, Viktor K., Norton, Charles, D. and Gardner, Henry J., Why Fortran?, Computing in Science and Engineering, 9(4):68-71 (2007)

  9. Norton, Charles, D., Decyk, Viktor K., Szymanski, Boleslaw K. and Gardner, Henry The transition and adoption to modern programming concepts for scientific computing in Fortran, Scientific Programming 15(1):27-44 (2007).

  10. Gardner, Henry J., and Decyk, Viktor K., Comments on ``Design patterns and Fortran 90/95'' by Arjen Markus ACM Fortran Forum, 25(2): 8-11 (2006).

  11. Gardner, Henry J., and Decyk, Viktor K., Object-Oriented Programming in Fortran95: Patterns and Process, in POOSC'06 Workshop Notes, Eds. Kei Davis, Tiago Quintino, Joerg Striegnitz, 5th Workshop on Parallel/High Performance Object Oriented Scientific Computing at the 20th European Conference on Object Oriented Programming, Technical Report, July 2006, Von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics, Chaussee de Waterloo 72, 1640 Rhode-St-Genese, Belgium. (2006).

  12. Gardner, Henry, Lifeng, Duan, Wang, Qing, and Zhou, Guyin, Line Drawing in Virtual Reality using a Game Pad, In Proc. Seventh Australasian User Interface Conference (AUIC2006), Hobart, Australia, Conferences in Research and Practice in Information Technology , 50. Wayne Piekarski, Ed., ACS. pages 167-170 (2006)

  13. Gardner, H., Johnson, C.W., Leach, G. and Vuylsteker, P. (2005). eScience Curricula at Two Australian Universities. In Proc. Seventh Australasian Computing Education Conference (ACE2005), Newcastle, Australia,Conferences in Research and Practice in Information Technology , 42. Young, A. and Tolhurst, D., Eds., ACS. pages 211-216 (2005).

  14. Roberts, Stephen, Gardner, Henry, Press, Shaun, Stals, Linda, Teaching Computational Science Using VPython and Virtual Reality, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Volume 3039, Sep 2004, Pages 1218 - 1225 (2004).

  15. Sheridan, James, Sood, Gaurav, Jacob, Thomas, Gardner, Henry, Barrass, Stephen, SOUNDSTUDIO4D - A VR Interface For Gestural Composition of Spatial Soundscapes http://www.icad.org/websiteV2.0/Conferences/ICAD2004/papers/sheridan_etal.pdf, (2004).

  16. Gardner, Henry, Design Patterns in Scientific Software, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Volume 3045, May 2004, Pages 776-785 (2004).

  17. Flint, Shayne, Gardner, Henry and Boughton, Clive, Executable/Translatable UML in Computing Education in Proceedings of the 6th Australasian Computing Education Conference, Dunedin, New Zealand, January 2004, Eds. Raymond Lister and Alison L. Young, Conferences in Research and Practice in Information Technology, Volume 30 ``Computing Education 2004'', Australian Computer Society Inc, ISBN 1920682120, p 69-75 (2004)

  18. Suzuki, Y, Nakamura, Y, Kondo, K, Hayashi, T, Lloyd, SS, Gardner, HJ, MHD equilibrium of a low-shear helical axis Heliotron, Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, 45 (6): 971-981 (2003).

  19. Fisher, Hugh, Gardner, Henry, Harris , Rod, Taylor, Sam,Vuylsteker, Pascal and Walsh, David, eScience@ANU : a new teaching/research group in Australia in Procedings of VRIC 2002 - 4th Virtual Reality International Conference 19-21 June, 2002, Eds. Richir, S., Richard, P, Taravel, B, ISTIA Innovation, Angers University, ISBN 2-9515730-1-4.

  20. Storer, Robin and Gardner, Henry, Resistive Magnetohydrodynamic Modelling for 3D Plasmas, Computer Physics Communications 142, 343-348 (2001).

  21. Blackwell, B.D., McMillan, B., Searle, A.C. and Gardner, H.J., Algorithms for Real Time Magnetic Field Tracing and Optimisation, Computer Physics Communications 142, 243-247 (2001).

  22. Gardner, Henry and Boswell, Rod The Wedge Virtual Reality Theatre, in Proceedings of the Apple University Consortium Conference, Townsville, Qld, Australia, Sept. 23-26, 2001, ISBN0-947209-33-6, http://auc.uow.edu.au/conf/conf01/downloads/AUC2001_Proceedings.pdf pp 2.1-2.6 (2001).

  23. Persson, M., Nadeem, M., Lewandowski, J.V.L. and Gardner, H.J. Drift Waves in Stellarator Geometry, Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion 42, 203-216 (2000).

  24. Dettrick, S.A., Gardner, H.J. and Painter, S.L. Monte Carlo simulations of neoclassical plasma transport in the H-1NF Heliac, Aust. J. Phys, 52, 715-732 (1999).

  25. Gardner, H.J. and Boswell, R.W. Effective Virtual Environments - Experiences with a Low Cost Immersive System, Proceedings of HPC Asia'98 Conference, Singapore 22-25 Sept 1998, Vol 1., pp. 658 - 663, Institute of High Performance Computing, ISBN:981-04-0634-7.

  26. Cuthbert, P., Lewandowski, J.V.L., Gardner, H.J., Persson, M., Singleton, D., Dewar, R.L., Nakajima, N., Cooper, W.A., Toroidally localized and nonlocalized ballooning instabilities in a stellarator, Physics of Plasmas, 5, 2921 (1998).

  27. Dewar, R.L., Cuthbert, P., Lewandowski, J.V.L., Gardner, H.J., Singleton, D.B., Nakajima, N., Persson, M., Cooper, W.A., Quasi-two-dimensional waves in three-dimensional magnetic confinement systems, Physica Scripta, T75, 134 (1998).

  28. Dettrick, S.A., Lloyd, S.S., Gardner, H.J., Dewar, R.L., Painter, S.L. Particle Orbits and Drift Surfaces in a Heliac, Nuclear Fusion, 38, 1001 (1998).

  29. Lloyd, Sally S., Gardner, Henry J., Hayashi Takaya and Hudson, Stuart R., Self Healing of Magnetic Islands in a Heliac, J. Plasma Fusion Res. SERIES, 1, 484 (1998).

  30. Dettrick, Sean, Gardner, Henry and Dewar, Robert, Neoclassical Ambipolar Radial Electric Fields in H1-NF, J. Plasma Fusion Res. SERIES, 1, 222 (1998).

  31. Dettrick, S., Gardner, H., and Dewar, R., Drift surface geometry and trapped particle fractions in the H1-NF Heliacin Proceedings of the 2nd Asian Pacific Plasma Theory Conference, APPTC'97, Toki, Japan, Sep. 24-26, 1997, eds. Y. Tomita, Y. Nakamura and T Hayashi, NIFS-PROC-38 (National Institute for Fusion Science, Nagoya, Japan, 1998, ISSN 0915-6348), pp. 163-168.

  32. Dewar, R.L., Cuthbert, P., Lewandowski, J.V.L. and Gardner, H.J., Calculation of Global Modes via Ballooning Formalisms, J. Korean Phys. Soc. 31, S115 (1997).

  33. Gardner, H.J., The PUPPY Paradigm in Computational Science and Engineering, IEEE Comput. Sci. and Eng. 4 3, 8 (1997).

  34. Garabedian, P.R. and Gardner, H.J., On the Computation of Stability Limits for Fusion Experiments, in Computational Techniques and Applications, Eds. R.L. May and A.K. Easton, World Scientific Pub Co, ISBN 981-02-2820-1, 327 (1996).

  35. Blackwell, B.D., Borg, G.G., Dewar, R.L., Howard, J., Gardner, H.J., Rudakov, D.L., Sharp, L.E., Shats M.G. and Warr G.B. H1-NF: Australian national fusion plasma research facility in Proceedings of the International Conference on Plasma Physics, Nagoya, Japan, 9-13 September 1996, eds. H. Sugai and T. Hayashi. (Japan Soc. Plasma Sci. and Nucl. Fusion Res., Nagoya, 1997) Vol. II, pp. 1266-1269.

  36. Ichiguchi, K., Nakajima, N. and Gardner, H.J. Free-Boundary Studies for the Large Helical Device,Nuclear Fusion 36, 1157 (1996).

  37. Cooper, W.A. and Gardner, H.J., MHH3 Update Proc. 3rd Aust.-Japan Work. on Plasma Theory, ANU, ISBN 0 7315 2450 0, 6 (1996).

  38. Dettrick, S.A. and Gardner, H.J., Parallel Implementation of Monte Carlo Neoclassical Transport Calculations for Stellarators Proc. 3rd Aust.-Japan Work. on Plasma Theory,., ANU, ISBN 0 7315 2450 0, 15 (1996).

  39. Blackwell, B.D., Borg, G.C, Dettrick, S.A., Dewar, R.L., Harris, J.H., Howard, J., Gardner, H.J., Kamenski, I.v., Michael, C.A., Miljak, D.G., Rudakov, D.L., Sharp, L.E., Shats, M.G., and Warr, G.B. Fluctuations and Internal Current Studies in the H-1 Heliac Paper IAEA-F1-CN-64/CP-7, 16th Int. Conf. on Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Montreal, October 1996, in Fusion Energy 1996 (IAEA, Vienna, 1997) 167-174.

  40. Hayashi, T., Sato, T., Nakajima, N., Ichiguchi, K., Merkel, P., Nührenberg, J., Schwenn, U., Gardner, H., Bhattacharjee, A. and Hegna, C.C. Behavior of Magnetic Islands in 3D MHD Equilibria of Helical Devices, in Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research, IAEA, Vienna (Proc. 15th Int. Conf., Seville, 1994), Vol. 3 p. 309 (1996).

  41. Cooper, W.A. and Gardner, H.J., Global Internal Modes in the H-1 Heliac Proc. 22nd Eur. Phys. Soc. Conf. on Contr. Fus. and Plasma Phys., Bournemouth, UK, (Eur. Conf. Abs. Vol. 19c, Part II, Eds. Keen, B.E., Stott, P.E., Winter, J.,) 145 (1995).

  42. Davidson, M.G., Dewar, R.L., Gardner, H.J. and Howard, J., Hamiltonian Maps for Heliac Magnetic Islands, Aust. J. Phys, 48, 871 (1995).

  43. Garabedian, P.R. and Gardner, H.J., Reduction of Bootstrap Current in the Modular Helias-like Heliac Stellarator, Physics of Plasmas, 2, 2020 (1995).

  44. Hayashi, T., Sato, T., Gardner, H.J. and Meiss, J.D. Evolution of Magnetic Islands in a Heliac, Physics of Plasmas, 2, 752 (1995).

  45. Blackwell, B.D., Borg, G.G., Dewar, R.L, Gardner,H.J., Hamberger, S.M., Howard, J., Rudakov, D., Sharp,L.E., Shats, M.G., Tumlos, R.B., Warr,G., Zhang, B.C., Cooper, W.A, Garabedian, P.R. and Hayashi, T. First Experimental Results and Recent MHD Studies for the H-1 Heliac in Fifteenth International Conference on Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research, Seville, Spain, 1994 in Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research 1994 (IAEA, Vienna, 1995) Vol. II, p. 337-343.

  46. Cooper, W.A. and Gardner, H.J. Ballooning Optimised Pressure Profiles in Toroidal Heliacs, Nuclear Fusion 34, 729 (1994).

  47. Gardner, H.J. and Howard, J. Faraday Rotation as a Density Diagnostic for Helical Axis Stellarators, Plasma Phys.and Control. Fusion 36, 245 (1994).

  48. Painter, S.L. and Gardner, H.J. Orbit Confinement and Neoclassical Transport in the H-1 Heliac, Nucl. Fusion 33, 1107 (1993).

  49. Gardner, H.J. Comments on Stability Properties of the Uragan-2M Torsatron, Fusion Technology 24, 231 (1993).

  50. Gardner, H.J. and Blackwell, B.D. Calculation of Mercier Stability Limits of Toroidal Heliacs, Nucl. Fusion 32, 2009 (1992).

  51. Alejaldre,C., Fraguas, A.L., Garcia, L., Salas, A., Varias, A., Blackwell, B.D., Conway, G.D., Dewar, R.L., Gardner, H.J., Hamberger S.M and Howard J. Ideal Stability Studies for Three and Four Period Flexible Heliacs in Thirteenth International Conference on Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research, Washington, USA, 1990 in Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research 1990 (IAEA, Vienna, 1991) Vol. II, p. 613-619.

  52. S.M. Hamberger, Blackwell, B.D. Conway, G.D., Dewar, R.L Gardner, H.J., Howard, J. and Sharp L.E. Physics Studies for the H-1 Heliac in 17th European Conference on Controlled Fusion and Plasma Heating, Amsterdam, June 1990. in Europhysics Conference Abstracts: Controlled Fusion and Plasma Heating (European Physical Society, Geneva, 1990) Vol. 14B, Part II, p.5

  53. Boozer, A.H. and Gardner, H.J. The Bootstrap Current in Stellarators, Phys. Fluids B2, 2408-2421 (1990).

  54. Gardner, H.J., Modelling the Behavior of the Magnetic Field Diagnostic Coils on the WVII-AS Stellarator Using a 3D Equilibrium Code Nucl. Fusion 30, 1417-1424 (1990).

  55. Dewar, R.L., Gardner, H.J., Cooper,G.J., Hamberger, S.M., Blackwell, B.D. Tou, T.Y., Conway, G.D, Shi,X.-H., Zhou, D.-F., Howard, J., Dominguez, N., Lynch V.E and Carreras B.A The ANU Heliac Program in The First International Toki Conference on Plasma Physics & Controlled Nuclear Fusion, Toki, Japan, 4-7 December 1989. Research Report NIFS-PROC-3 (National Institute for Fusion Science, Nagoya, 1990) pp 17-20.

  56. Dewar, R.L. and Gardner, H.J. A Harmonic Expansion for the Magnetic Field of the Helical Solenoid, J. Comput. Phys. 77, 485-500 (1988).

  57. Gardner, H.J., Dewar, R.L. and Sy, W.N-C The Free Boundary Problem for Helically Symmetric Plasmas, J. Comput. Phys. 74, 477-487 (1988).

  58. R.L. Dewar and H.J. Gardner Convergence of Cylindrical Harmonic Expansions for Heliac Magnetic Fields in Proceedings of the International Conference on Plasma Physics, Kiev, USSR, 6-12 April 1987 (Naukova Dumka, Kiev, 1987) Vol. 3, pp. 32-35.

  59. Blackwell, B.D., Dewar, R.L., H.J. Gardner, H.J. Hamberger, S.M., Sharp, L.E, Shi, X.H., Vance, C.F., Zhou D.F in 11th International Conference on Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research, Tokyo 1986 in Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research 1986 (IAEA, Vienna, 1987) Vol. II, p. 511-518.

  60. Dewar, R.L. Sy , W. N-C and Gardner, H.J. Summary of Australian Theoretical Work on Heliacs in Proceedings of the IAEA Technical Committee Meeting on Plasma Confinement and Heating in Stellarators, Schloss Ringberg, Federal Republic of Germany, September 1984 (Commission of the European Community, Brussels, 1984) Vol. I, p. 281-290.

  61. Gardner, H.J., Mitchell, L.W., Kennett, S.R., Anderson, M.R and Sargood, D.G. Cross Section Measurements for the Reactions 53CR(p,gamma)54Mn, 53Cr(p,n)53Mn, 53Cr(p,p')53Cr, Aust. J. Phys. 34 25-33 (1981).

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