Summary. We provide scans of the reports of the two censuses of Palestine during the Mandate period, and some other information.
During the period 1918–1948, Palestine was under control of the British government, from 1923 under a Mandate granted by the League of Nations. During that time two formal censuses were conducted. The census reports were published, but are rather rare so we provide scans of most of them here for the first time.
The 1922 census report consisted of a single 58-page document. Parts of northern Palestine were not included since they were still under French control.
The 1931 census was a more scientific operation. There were three volumes published.
After 1931 there were plans for another census but they never came to fruition. The only village-level population and land ownership data available from this period comes from a few local surveys. The most well-known is that of 1945. Its report is very rare and we don't have a copy. A version of it was published in 1970 by the Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center, but unfortunately they added the counts of Christians and Muslims together for ideological reasons. It can be viewed here. Tables for the villages that lay in Israel within the 1948 armistice lines were also published by the United Nations: PDF.